Modern Bodhisattva’s Way of Life: Remaining in Samsara without being Touched By It.

Kadampa Ryan 2. Modern Bodhisattva's Way of Life

(9.52) The result of a Bodhisattva’s meditation on emptiness
Is the ability to remain in the abodes of samsara
Out of compassion for those who suffer due to confusion,
And free from the extremes of attachment and fear.

We all want to help people. But our time with others is very short. We may even live with someone throughout our entire life, but then we are separated at death. If the person we care has not themselves attained liberation or enlightenment, they will be thrown once again somewhere in samsara. If we ourselves remain an ordinary being, we will not be able to do anything for them other than pray. Will be completely helpless and when we meet them again in our future lives, we will not recognize them. This is a major obstacle to our ability to help others. In contrast, if we gained the ability to return to samsara again and again, we would be able to continue to help lead these people gradually along the stages of the path. Only in this way can we eventually guide each and every living being to enlightenment.

But returning to samsara to help others is extremely dangerous if we ourselves still have delusions and we ourselves still risk taking further samsaric rebirth. We too could get thrown somewhere in samsara and lose the path and become lost for countless eons. How can we protect ourselves against such a danger? Shantideva explains the answer is, with a bodhicitta motivation, we gain a realization of emptiness. A Bodhisattva with a realization of emptiness is able to return to the abodes of samsara without ever being swept away by them. They are then able to remain with living beings and help guide them day by day, life by life, until they attain the final goal. Such bodhisattvas are in samsara but not of samsara.

(9.53) Since the realization of emptiness is the antidote that removes the darkness
Of the delusion-obstructions and the obstructions to knowing,
Why do those who wish to attain enlightenment
Not meditate on emptiness right away?

(9.54) Thus, it is quite inappropriate to cast aspersions
On those who hold the view of emptiness;
Rather, you should meditate without any doubt
On emptiness, lack of true existence.

Geshe-la has said on numerous occasions that the true meaning of meeting Geshe Kelsang is to gain the opportunity to realize emptiness. If all of reality is nothing more than a contaminated karmic dream and this dream is the nature of suffering, then the only thing that has true meaning is gaining the ability to wake up from the dream. There is nothing for us in samsara because in fact there is nothing even there. There is no part of the samsaric dream which is safe and we do not risk getting once again thrown into the lower realms. The vast majority of samara is unimaginable suffering. The only way to be completely free from the dangers of samsara is to end it.  To make it cease. To prevent it from ever arising again. The method for doing so is to realize the emptiness of all phenomena. We need to realize directly that it has never been anything more than mere karmic appearance. We need to end such appearance in such a way that it never arises again.

Other than striving for emptiness, tell me what makes our life meaningful?  There are many, many beneficial things we can do with our life, but what active is more meaningful than realizing emptiness motivated by compassion?  I feel there is nothing more meaningful than to strive to realize emptiness out of compassion, for me it is the most compassionate activity of all.  There are many meaningful things we can do with our life and many ways we can make samsara a little bit better. But is this good enough? Is this the most we can do? When we understand samsara and we understand emptiness we realize the most meaningful thing we can do is attain liberation and, even better, attain enlightenment so that we are able to help wake everybody else up from the nightmare that is samsara.

Happy Tara Day: Tara can fulfill all our pure wishes

Kadampa Ryan How to Rely Upon Tara, Tara Days

This is the seventh installment of the 12-part series sharing my understanding of the practice Liberation from Sorrow.

They will attain greatness here
And advance to the ultimate state of Buddhahood.

Greatness here does not mean high position, but rather the great scope of Lamrim, namely the precious mind of bodhichitta.  Atisha’s Lamrim has three scopes – initial scope, intermediate scope, and great scope.  In the initial scope, we abandon lower rebirth; in the intermediate scope, we abandon samsaric rebirth; and in the great scope, we abandon solitary peace.  In other words, we abandon merely seeking our personal liberation, and instead we seek to become a fully enlightened Buddha with the complete power to lead all living beings to the same state.  The essence of the great scope is bodhichitta, the wish to become a Buddha for the sake of all.  Since Tara is the Lamrim Buddha, we can be certain the greatness we will attain through our reliance upon her is becoming a great scope being.  Once we attain bodhichitta, our eventual enlightenment is guaranteed.  This is why it is said we prostrate to the new moon of bodhichitta, not the full moon of enlightenment because the former is the definite cause of the latter.

Their violent and great poisons,
Both stable and moving,
And even those that they have eaten or drunk,
Will be thoroughly eliminated by remembering her.

They will be able to prevent all suffering
That arises from spirits, diseases or poisons;
And be able to help others in the same way.

There are two types of poison – outer and inner.  Outer poisons, including intoxicants, pollution, and unhealthy food, are extremely destructive.  Every year, smoking kills 7 million people globally, alcohol kills 2.8 million, and drugs kill 750,000; bringing the global death toll from intoxicants to 10.5 million people every year.  Pollution each year kills 4.8 million globally.  Unhealthy food is even more deadly, with 2.8 million dying from obesity, 1.6 million dying from diabetes, and a whopping 17.9 million dying from heart disease, the overwhelming majority of which comes from unhealthy diets.  All of these are outer poisons, with a cumulative death toll of almost 38 million every year.  Outer poisons are the leading cause of death in the world by a significant margin.  But the reality is outer poisons only have the power to kills us due to our inner poisons of delusions that run towards these causes of death as if they were causes of happiness.  Our inner poisons of attachment and ignorance conspire to make us voluntarily consume or create outer poisons, which in turn kill tens of millions every year.  Thus, if we have any hope of actually preventing the suffering that arises from outer poisons, we must abandon their deeper cause – the inner poisons of delusions. 

But ultimately, outer poisons can only kill us in just this one life.  The inner poisons of delusions harm and kill us in all of our future lives without end.  The scale of the destruction is beyond imagination.  Delusions are the cause of all death, since beginningless time.  There will be no end to the slaughter until the inner poisons of delusions are abandoned once and for all.  Relying upon Tara ends the inner poisons, both for ourself and for all other living beings.  She not only blesses our mind to prevent them from ripening, but more definitively she bestows upon us Lamrim realizations which lead us to permanently abandon all delusions.  All delusions, directly or indirectly, find their opponent in the Lamrim.  Our gaining Lamrim realizations is the only lasting way to end samsara’s ongoing devastation.  People rightly dedicate their lives to fighting for justice in the world, but there will be no justice, no peace, no end to suffering until the tyranny of delusions has finally been defeated.  The only way to do that is through gaining Lamrim realizations, and reliance upon Tara supercharges our practice of Lamrim.  

If they recite these seven times, six times a day,
Those who wish for a son will attain a son,
And those who wish for wealth will attain wealth.

Typically at least once a year, most major Kadampa centers will do a 24 hour Tara puja, which involves a session every four hours engaging in this practice reciting the praises seven times.  When the Coronavirus broke out, Geshe-la encouraged us to rely upon Tara, and many centers started doing the 24 hour Tara Puja every month on Tara day.  For those unable to join such practices at a center, Manjushri center livestreamed the practice on Tara day every month, so we could join in from anywhere in the world.  I pray one day they resume doing this, even if the pandemic has passed.

If we are unable to do all six sessions referred to in the sadhana, it is perfectly good to do as many as we can.  Some is always better than none.  There is something particularly powerful about engaging in group pujas.  Gen Tharchin says that every time we engage in a group puja, we create the causes to do the same thing with the same people again in the future.  It is like an insurance policy for refinding our Kadampa Sangha in life after life until we attain our final spiritual goals. 

“Son” here refers to the son or daughter of the Buddhas, namely becoming a bodhisattva.  We can wish to become a son or daughter of the Buddhas ourselves, and we can also wish that multitudes of sons or daughters of the Buddhas arise from within our Kadampa centers around the world.  Wealth here refers to the inner wealth of Dharma realizations.  Outer wealth can be helpful if our motivation for using it is virtuous, but it can be dangerous if our motivation is not.  The inner wealth of Dharma realizations, in contrast, is an unalloyed good.  The more we give it away, the more it reproduces itself.  It makes us content in this life and provides for us in all our future lives.  The inner wealth of Dharma realizations is an inexhaustible fountain of good fortune.

All their wishes will be accomplished.
No more obstacles will arise for them,
And those that have already occurred
Will all be completely destroyed.

This refers to Tara’s ability to also function as a Dharma protector.  Dharma protectors arrange all the outer and inner conditions necessary for our swiftest possible enlightenment.  Normally, Dorje Shugden is the principal protector of the Kadam Dharma, but Tara also accomplishes a similar function.  There are two types of obstacle to our Dharma practice – outer and inner.  Ultimately, though, outer obstacles do not exist.  They arise only due to a lack of imagination or experience for how to transform adversity into the path to enlightenment.  But temporarily, outer obstacles can exist due to current limitations in our wisdom.  Tara can prevent outer obstacles from arising (or minimize the extent to which they do, based on our karmic possibilities).  Our job is to then use the space to practice she creates for us to then gain the inner wisdom necessary to transform any adversity into the path.  If we can succeed in doing that, then no more “obstacles” will arise for us because we will not impute anything as an obstacle.  Everything will push us towards enlightenment.  Existing obstacles are destroyed, either through purifying the karma giving rise to their appearance or through gaining the wisdom that knows how to see them all as causes of our enlightenment.

Modern Bodhisattva’s Way of Life: Without Emptiness, Delusions Grow Back Like Weeds

Kadampa Ryan 2. Modern Bodhisattva's Way of Life

(9.49ab) (Proponent of things) “The abandonment that Arhats achieve is not temporary.
They definitely do not take rebirth in samsara again
Because they completely abandon craving, the principal cause of such rebirth.”

The 12 dependent related links explain the mechanism by which samsara perpetuates itself. The short version is if we die with a deluded mind, then it activates contaminated karma which then once again propels us into a samsaric rebirth. The trigger links of the 12 dependent related links are dependent related craving and dependent related grasping. Arhats have completely abandoned all dependent related craving and so therefore they argue there is no trigger to activate contaminated karma to cause another samsaric rebirth. Therefore, they argue, it is not necessary do completely purify all previously accumulated contaminated karma because that which is there never is never activated. This is why the Hinayanists say it is not necessary to realize the emptiness that the Prasangikas explain.

(9.49.cd) But just as you say that they have non-deluded confusion,
Why not also say that they have non-deluded craving?

(9.50) These so-called Arhats have pleasant feelings
That they apprehend to be truly existent.
Because of feeling, craving develops –
So they must be subject to the craving.

(9.51) Although for a person who has not realized emptiness – the lack of truly existent things –
Manifest delusions might be temporarily abandoned, eventually they will manifest again,
Just as feelings and discriminations return when the concentration on the absorption without discrimination ends.
Therefore, you must strive to realize emptiness to attain even solitary liberation.

The main point here is simple:  If you do not root out the root of delusions, the ignorance grasping at an inherently existent self, then delusions will reassert themselves with time, like leaving a trace of roots of weeds.  The danger is very real here, not an academic issue:  It is possible that as a result of practicing Dharma, our mind becomes very peaceful and very happy and we can enjoy many good results.   We can easily become complacent with this.  Worse, we can easily become attached to the pleasant feelings we are experiencing in our mind, and we do not then push further to complete the path.  But if we do not root out the deepest root, such good results will be temporary, and we will eventually find ourselves right back where we are now.  To attain true cessations, we need to realize the emptiness of the mind that is deluded.  This completely eradicates such a mind, and it will never arise again.  Then we attain liberation.

From a technical point of view the reason why the percentages say that individual liberation attained by followers of the proponents of the lower schools is not actual liberation is because the karma too once again be reborn in Sam Sarah remains on their mind. This includes first the tendencies to generate delusions and 2nd the throwing karma to actually take a samsaric rebirth.

It is true if that karma never gets activated the person would never again take sense take a samsaric rebirth. But as long as the tendencies exist on the mind to generate delusions what starts out as non-deluded grasping and non-deluded craving can evolve to become delusions which then once again risk activating throwing karma. The only way to ensure that one never again returns to samsara is to purify all of the tendencies for generating delusions.  If the tendencies to generate delusions no longer exist on the mind then it is impossible for the person to ever generate delusions and then, yes, they would attain actual liberation.  These tendencies to generate delusions are what are known as the delusion obstructions. The other contaminated karma on the mind is known as the obstructions to omniscience. If somebody purifies all of the delusion obstructions, they do not have to purify all the obstructions to omniscience to never again take a samsaric rebirth. However, this other contaminated karma does prevent the attainment of enlightenment and the attainment of the omniscient mind of a Buddha.

The point of this discussion it’s not just to understand the mechanics of samsara but to arrive at the conclusion that the only way to attain even individual liberation is to realize the emptiness that is the lack of true existence. In particular we need to realize the emptiness of the mind that stores all of this karma. At a minimum, it is only by fully and directly realizing emptiness that we can prevent any delusions from arising ever again. When we attain the path of seeing, which is a direct realization of emptiness conjoined with the mind of tranquil abiding, we eliminate all of our intellectually formed delusions. We then continue to meditate on the path of meditation and eventually purify all of our delusion obstructions. We then continue further to meditate on emptiness on the path of meditation with a bodhicitta motivation and then we can purify the obstructions to omniscience and attain enlightenment.

Happy Protector Day: Protector of the Bodhisattva’s Path

Kadampa Ryan 5. Reliance upon Dorje Shugden, Protector Days, Reliance upon Dorje Shugden

The 29th of every month is Protector Day.  This is part 6 of a 12-part series aimed at helping us remember our Dharma Protector Dorje Shugden and increase our faith in him on these special days.

And on his head he wears a round and yellow hat.

This symbolizes his ability to help us gain the correct view of emptiness, the ultimate nature of reality.  We can understand how all things are like a dream, and how if we change our actions, we can change our karma and that will change the dream that appears to our mind.  In this way, we can become the architect of our own destiny, and cause this world of suffering to cease and the pure world of the Buddhas to arise.  If ever we have difficulty understanding emptiness, we can recall his hat and request that he bless our mind to be able to gain a correct understanding of emptiness.  We then imagine we receive his blessings and return to our Dharma book (or the teaching we are receiving) and try again.  If we still do not understand, we once again request blessings and repeat the cycle.  We can continue like this for as long as it takes.  Eventually, through the power of his blessings, we will understand. 

His hands hold a sword and a heart of compassion.

This symbolizes his ability to help us engage in Lamrim meditation, in particular the union of the vast and profound path.  The vast path is all of the Lamrim meditations for developing a good heart, leading up to bodhichitta, the wish to lead all beings to enlightenment.  The profound path refers to the wisdom realizing emptiness, that everything is like a dream.  Just as we did with trying to understand emptiness, when we are having difficulty with our Lamrim practice, we can recall this function of Dorje Shugden, request his blessings, receive his blessings and then try again.  Practicing in this way dramatically increases the power of our Lamrim meditation. 

To his followers he shows an expression of delight, but to demons and obstructors he displays a wrathful manner.

This symbolizes Dorje Shugden’s ability to love and care for us while destroying our delusions.  We need to make a distinction between ourselves and our delusions.  Just as a cancer patient is not his cancer, we are not the cancer of our delusions.  Many people fear Dorje Shugden because they know he can be quite wrathful, but this fear only arises because they identify with their delusions.  So when their delusions are challenged, they feel like they are challenged.  Whenever we have a delusion arise strongly in our mind, we can immediately remember Dorje Shugden and request his blessings to be able to happily accept our difficult circumstances understanding that what is bad for our delusions is good for us. 

He is surrounded by a vast, assembled retinue,

Such as Kache Marpo and so forth.

Dorje Shugden is like the general of a vast army of Dharma protectors, each of whom accomplishes a different function.  These can be understood from the explanation of the nature and function of Dorje Shugden in the book Heart Jewel and the Praise to the five lineages of Dorje Shugden explained in the extensive Dorje Shugden sadhana Melodious Drum Victorious in All Directions.  It is customary for large Dharma Centers around the world to practice Melodious Drum on every Protector Day, or at least once a year.  We can do so on our own at any time, including every Protector Day.

The five lineages of Dorje Shugden refer to the five principal deities of his mandala.  Each one corresponds with one of the five Buddha families, the five completely purified aggregates of a Buddha, and the five omniscient wisdoms.  Each of the principal deities is like a specific protector for each one of the five Buddha families, and through relying upon them we will be led to attain the five purified aggregates and the corresponding five omniscient wisdoms.

The principal deity is Dorje Shugden himself, who is the protector of the Akshobhya family, will guide us to completely purify our aggregate of consciousness and attain the wisdom of the Dharmadhatu.  The wisdom of the Dharmadhatu is an aggregate of consciousness completely purified of all our past contaminated karmic potentialities (also known as the two obstructions) and that knows directly and simultaneously all phenomena as manifestations of bliss and emptiness.  Vairochana Shugden is the protector of the Vairochana family.  Through relying upon him, we will completely purify our aggregate of form and gain mirror-like wisdom, which sees directly all phenomena as manifestation of bliss and emptiness.  Pema Shugden is the protector of the Amitabha family.  Through relying upon her, we will purify completely our aggregate of discrimination and attain the wisdom of individual realization, which is able to discriminate all objects individually as manifestations of bliss and emptiness.  Ratna Shugden is the protector of the Ratnasambhava family.  Through relying upon Ratna Shugden, we will purify completely our aggregate of feeling and attain the wisdom of equality, which experiences all phenomena equally as bliss and emptiness.  Karma Shugden is the protector of the Amoghasiddhi family.  Through relying upon Karma Shugden, we will purify completely our aggregate of compositional factors and attain the wisdom of accomplishing activities, which enables us to use a Buddha’s completely purified and developed mental factors as if they were are own.  For a more in depth understanding of the five aggregates, see How to Understand the Mind.

Dorje Shugden is also surrounded by the nine Great Mothers, the eight fully ordained monks, and the ten wrathful deities.  The nine mothers arrange the secret conditions necessary for our Dharma practice.  They are comprised of Lochanna, Mamaki, Benzharahi, and Tara which arrange the earth, water, fire, and air elements respectively for our practice; and the five offering goddesses who transform all of the various forms, sounds, smells, tastes, and tactile objects into conditions for our practice.  The eight fully ordained monks arrange the inner conditions necessary for our practice.  They are the eight main bodhisattvas, including Vajrapani, Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, and Maitreya.  They manifest whatever is needed to tame disciples and protect those with commitments like their only child.  The ten wrathful deities arrange all of the outer conditions for our Dharma practice.  They subjugate the malevolent and guard all directions with various guises.  Kache Marpo is like the commander of the Dharma protector special forces who directs all the oath-bound attendents (spirit kings, wealth gods, nagas, celestial spirits, and so forth) who perform a host of actions to help arrange the mundane conditions for our Dharma practice. 

Light rays from my heart

Instantly invite the wisdom beings
From the sphere of nature
And from all the different palaces where they abide.
They become inseparable from the commitment beings.

We visualize a vast array of mundane and supermundane Dharma protectors filling the whole of space, all working tirelessly under the direction of Dorje Shugden to arrange all the outer, inner, and secret conditions for our Dharma practice.  As Heruka, we then imagine that light rays radiate from our heart and invite the wisdom beings – the actual deities of Dorje Shugden’s mandala – to enter into the commitment beings (those we have visualized). We then strongly believe that all of these protector deities are actually in the space in front of us and filling the universe accomplishing their special function.

Happy Tsog Day: How to Make the Most Sublime Offerings

Kadampa Ryan Tsog Days

In order to remember and mark our tsog days, holy days on the Kadampa calendar, I am sharing my understanding of the practice of Offering to the Spiritual Guide with tsog.  This is part 10 of a 44-part series.

Offering the mandala

O Treasure of Compassion, my Refuge and Protector, supremely perfect Field of Merit,
With a mind of devotion I offer to you
A thousand million of the Great Mountain, the four continents,
The seven major and minor royal possessions, and so forth,
A collection of perfect worlds and beings that give rise to all joys,
A great treasury of the desired enjoyments of gods and men.

Geshe-la explains that mandala offerings are the best method for creating the karma to take rebirth in the pure land. Why is this so? It seems that our practice of self-generation as the deity in the pure land would be the best method since that is what we are directly doing (presumably with a bodhichitta motivation). There are three reason why mandala offerings are superior: it is the highest possible offering we can make, we are making it with the greatest possible motivation of bodhichitta, and we are offering it to the supreme object of offering – our spiritual guide, the synthesis of all the Buddhas.

A mandala offering is the highest possible offering we can make. For me, the key to mandala offerings is understanding what, exactly, I am offering. I am not simply offering a completely purified universe; I am offering a promise of practice that I will not stop until I have transformed the universe into the pure land I am offering. The mandala offering is an offering of promise to fulfil our bodhichitta wish. An offering of our practice in general is the highest possible offering we can make because it is what delights the spiritual guide most. An offering of a promise to not stop until we fulfil our bodhichitta wish to transform the universe into a pure land is the highest possible offering of practice possible. Therefore, there is no offering greater than a mandala offering.

Geshe-la explains in the teachings on bodhichitta that engaging in virtuous actions motivated by bodhichitta is a merit-multiplier – we multiply the merit of our virtuous action by the number of beings for whose behalf we engage in the virtuous action. Since bodhichitta seeks to liberate countless living beings, any action engaged in with a bodhichitta motivation is karmically equivalent to engaging in that same virtuous action countless times. Making a mandala offering with a bodhichitta motivation is karmically equivalent to making a regular mandala offering countless times.

Finally, the Guru is the supreme recipient of our offering. In the same way that bodhichitta acts as a merit multiplier, Geshe-la explains that an offering to the Guru is karmically equivalent to making that same offering to each of the countless Buddhas individually. Why? Because the Guru is like a portal to all the other Buddhas – an offering directly to the spiritual guide is indirectly an offering to all the countless Buddhas.

Taken together, we can see that when we make mandala offerings to our Guru with a bodhichitta motivation, we quite literally “max out” the virtuous potential of the action. The offering itself is the highest possible offering of our practice (the promise to fulfil our bodhichitta wish), multiplied by countless living beings due to our bodhichitta motivation, all offered to each of the countless Buddhas through our spiritual guide. Each mandala offering we make with these three recognitions creates countless karmic potentialities to attain the pure land. It only takes one of these to ripen at the time of our death for us to take rebirth there. From this, we can conclude that making mandala offerings is indeed the best method for attaining rebirth in the pure land, for how could it even be possible to offer anything greater than this? It is for this reason that Je Tsongkhapa emphasized mandala offerings and Geshe-la encourages us to engage in mandala offering retreats every year and to complete 100,000 mandala offerings as part of our great preliminary guides for Mahamudra practice.

Offering our spiritual practice

O Venerable Guru, I offer these pleasure gardens,
Both arranged and emanated by mind, on the shores of a wish-granting sea,
In which, from the pure white virtues of samsara and nirvana,
There arise offering substances of broad, thousand- petalled lotuses that delight the minds of all;

Where my own and others’ mundane and supramundane virtues of the three doors
Are flowers that bring colour to every part
And emit a multitude of scents like Samantabhadra’s offerings;
And where the three trainings, the five paths, and the two stages are the fruit.

Geshe-la explains that offerings of our spiritual practice are the highest possible offering. Why? The definition of an offering is that which delights the Guru. Nothing delights our spiritual guide more than our practice of his instructions. He does not want us to practice to flatter his ego that we spend time doing what he says, but because his only wish for us is that we escape permanently from samsara and that we seek to help others do the same. He knows that the only way we can do that is by training in the stages of the path of Sutra and Tantra. When we do so, he is delighted because he knows we are moving closer to the fulfilment of his ultimate wish for us.

Any offering of our practice delights our Guru, from simply smiling to a stranger out of kindness to engaging in advanced completion stage meditations. We can offer our spiritual practice throughout the day and the night as we engage in our different practices. Simply engaging in our practices itself if not the offering of our spiritual practice, we also have to have the recognition that our practice itself is an offering to our spiritual guide.

With the explanation above about how mandala offerings are an offering of a promise of our spiritual practice to fulfil our bodhichitta wish to build our pure land for the sake of others, we can appreciate the description of the offering of our spiritual practice in the sadhana. In effect, we are simply describing in more detail the experience of living in the pure land we have created for others with the mandala offering.

Inner offering

I offer this ocean of nectar with the five hooks, the five lamps, and so forth,
Purified, transformed, and increased,
Together with a drink of excellent tea
Endowed with a hundred flavours, the radiance of saffron, and a delicate aroma.

There are four types of offering – outer, inner, secret, and thatness offering. Each of these types of offering correspond with the four different Highest Yoga Tantra empowerments we receive – vase, secret, wisdom-mudra, and precious word empowerment. The outer offerings create special karmic seeds on our mind which are then activated during the vase empowerment. This merit then powers our meditation on the profound generation stage of the body mandala and leads to us eventually attaining the resultant Emanation Body of a Buddha. Inner offerings create the special karmic seeds that are activated during the secret empowerment, which powers our meditation on the completion stage of illusory body and leads to us eventually attaining the resultant Enjoyment Body. The karma of secret offerings is activated during the wisdom-mudra empowerment and power our meditation on the completion stage of the clear light of Mahamudra and enable us to attain the resultant Truth Body. And thatness (or suchness) offerings are ripened by the word empowerment, empowering us to mediate on the completion stage of inconceivability and attain the resultant union of Vajradhara. When we clearly understand the relationship between the different types of offering, the different empowerments, the different tantric stages, and their corresponding bodies of a Buddha, the practice of each of these becomes much more powerful.

What are inner offerings? This refers to the transformation of the five meats and the five nectars into completely purified nectar, which we then offer. The five meats and the five nectars refer to disgusting substances and liquids in our body. When we bless the inner offering, we recognize the emptiness of these substances and liquids, then generate them as completely pure nectars that we offer. Samsara is identifying with the contaminated aggregates of our ordinary body and mind. Because our aggregates are contaminated, when we identify with them, we are a contaminated, samsaric being. But if we completely purify them, then there is no longer a contaminated basis to identify with, de facto removing us from samsara. The inner offerings primarily refer to our body, and the end result of the secret empowerment is the attainment of the illusory body of completion stage and the resultant Enjoyment Body of a Buddha. These are our vajra bodies, our deathless spiritual bodies.

If we wish to make a tsog offering to emphasize the accumulation of great merit, such as in a long life puja, we should do so at this point.

According to the sadhana, we can engage in the tsog offering at different points of the practice to emphasize different attainments. For auspiciousness, I will explain the tsog offering in the context of emphasizing gaining the realizations of the stages of the path. But there are times when we feel we are particularly lacking in merit, and doing our tsog offering here enables us to emphasize its accumulation. How do we know if we are lacking merit? A typical sign is no matter how hard we try to accomplish our pure wishes, we never manage to do so and we always come up short. It should be noted there is nothing stopping us from doing the tsog offering multiple times in a single session at different points of the sadhana if we want to emphasize more than one aspect of the practice.

Modern Bodhisattva’s Way of Life: There is no Enlightenment Without Realizing Emptiness

Kadampa Ryan 2. Modern Bodhisattva's Way of Life

(9.47) The principal holders of Buddhadharma were said to be those who have attained nirvana, the Arhats;
But the Arhats that you proponents of things assert
Cannot be real Arhats because, according to your view,
Their minds still grasp at truly existent things.

It is important that we do not misinterpret these verses as a criticism of other traditions.  Anything that takes people in the direction of enlightenment is wonderful as far as we are concerned.  For us, since we understand that the ignorance of self-grasping is the root of samsara, it is only natural that the wisdom that realizes its emptiness is necessary for complete liberation.  We can encourage people in their own paths, in particular Christian ones, and perhaps later we can explain how to fully unite with God by realizing his emptiness.  But at the same time, we can have confidence that with the wisdom realizing emptiness, we can bring all of our suffering to an end. 

While understanding we do not criticize or undermine the faith in other people’s traditions, it is nonetheless helpful for ourselves to realize that even though this proponents of the lower schools or other religions are kindhearted and well intentioned, there is no actual liberation from samsara without realizing emptiness. This does not mean these other traditions cannot have their holy beings, it means that either their holy beings have not attained actual liberation from samsara despite thinking that they have, or that the followers of those holy beings do not understand the view that was taught by their holy beings.

In this context, the Hinayana scriptures were written by the Arhats, or those who have attained liberation. The Prasangikas agree that these Arhats did indeed attain liberation, therefore they must have realized the emptiness that is the lack of true existence of all phenomena. It is simply their followers who do not understand the final view realized by their own spiritual Masters.  

(9.48a) (Proponent of things) “They attained nirvana, or liberation, and became Arhats because they abandoned their delusions.”

The proponents of things say that the Arhats did attain liberation because they abandoned their delusions.  To attain liberation, we simply need to abandon our delusions. Therefore, they say we do not need to realize the emptiness the Prasangikas teach.

(9.48bcd) You seem to think that, simply by abandoning manifest delusions, one immediately becomes an Arhat;
But it is clear that even though a person might have temporarily abandoned manifest delusions,
Nevertheless, he or she still bears the karmic potentials to be reborn in samsara.

Shantideva agrees that it is possible to reduce all of our delusions other than the ignorance of self-grasping through the teachings of the lower schools. The people who follow these teachings will abandon their attachment, anger, jealousy, and so forth. And so externally it will appear as if they have no delusions. Shantideva is saying that is not enough. The reason why is such beings will still have on their mind the contaminated karmic tendencies to grasp at inherent existence and to generate all of the other types of delusions. And so while temporarily such beings may appear to not have any delusions, they still have on their mind the karmic seeds for generating future delusions, therefore they have not actually escaped from samsara.

According to the Prasangikas, our mind possesses two obstructions. The first is the delusion obstructions, the second is the obstructions to omniscience. Once we have removed the delusion obstructions from our mind, we attain individual liberation. Once we have removed both the delusion obstructions and the obstructions to omniscience, then we attain full enlightenment. The delusion obstructions are not simply manifest delusions arising in our mind. The delusion obstructions are the contaminated karmic tendencies on our mind to generate delusions. The result of following the teachings of the lower schools may lead to the temporary cessation of manifest delusions arising in our mind, but it is not sufficient to actually uproot and purify our mind of the delusion obstructions themselves. We can only do this by realizing the emptiness of our mind itself. Therefore, if we want to never generate delusions again and truly attain liberation from samsara, we must realize the emptiness that is the lack of true existence.

Father’s Day for a Kadampa

Kadampa Ryan 7. Kadampa meaning of special days

As Kadampas, we often talk about the kindness of our mothers; but I think on Father’s Day it is equally important that we reflect on fathers.  Just as all living beings have been our mother, so too all living beings have been our father.  It is equally valid to view all living beings as our kind fathers.  Fathers, especially modern ones, often help us in many of the same ways as described in the meditations on the kindness of our mothers.  They could have insisted our mother had an abortion, but instead they chose to keep us.  They provided us with a roof over our head, food on our plate and clothes on our body.  They changed our diapers, taught us to walk, run and so forth.  As we grow older, fathers give us our sense of values, teach us about a solid work ethic, encourage us to push ourselves and reach for the stars.  By expecting so much of us, we rise to the occasion.  We each have different relationships with our fathers, so we should take the time to reflect on all of the different ways our father has helped us and generate a genuine feeling of gratitude.

Most of the time we take what our parents, especially our father, does for granted.  In fact, usually we feel no matter how much our father does for us, it is never enough.  We always expect more and then become upset that they didn’t provide it.  We feel it is our parent’s job to do everything for us, and when they don’t we become angry with them.  Actually, our parent’s job is to teach us how to do things for ourselves – and that necessarily means many instances of “helping us most by not helping us.”  Not helping us is sometimes the best way our parents can help us because it forces us to develop our own abilities and experience with life.  So instead of being angry at our fathers for what they didn’t do for us, we should be grateful for what they did do.  We should especially be grateful for what they didn’t do, because this is what helped us become independent, functioning adults.  We should look deep into our mind, identify the delusions and resentments we have towards our father, and make a concerted effort to remove them.  There is no greater Father’s Day gift we can provide than healing our mind of all delusions towards him.

There is no denying it, our fathers appear to have a great number of delusions.  Whether they actually have these delusions or are just Buddhas putting on a good show for us, there is no way to tell.  But the point is the same:  they conventionally appear to have delusions, and they tend to pass those delusions on to us.  Part of our job as a child is to identify the delusions of our father, then find those same delusions within ourselves, and then root them out fully and completely.  That way we don’t pass on these delusions down to future generations.  We should also encourage our own kids to identify our delusions and to remove them from their own mind.  We have trouble seeing our own delusions, but fortunately our kids can see them quite clearly!  In Confucian societies, they place a lot of emphasis on their relationship with their ancestors.  We need to recall the good qualities and values of our ancestors and pass those along; but we also need to identify their delusions and put an end to their lineage.  Doing this is actually an act of kindness towards our father because we limit the negative karma they accumulate (remember, the power of karma increases over time, largely due to these karmic aftershocks) by preventing the ripple effects of their negativity from going any further.

But I believe for a Kadampa, Father’s Day is about so much more than just remembering the kindness of our physical father.  I believe it is even more important to recall the kindness of our spiritual father, our Spiritual Guide.  My regular father gave birth to me as a person, but it is my spiritual father who gave birth to the person I want to become.  All the meaning I have in my life comes through the kindness of my spiritual father.  He has provided me with perfectly reliable teachings, empowerments into Highest Yoga Tantra practices, constant blessings, a worldwide spiritual family, and Dharma centers where I can learn and accumulate vast merit.  He believes in me and helps me believe in my own spiritual potential.  He has given me the wisdom to navigate through some of the hardest moments of my life, and he has promised to be with me, helping me, until the end of time.  There is no one kinder than my spiritual father.  I owe him everything.  Like my regular father, I have taken his kindness for granted.  I fail to appreciate what he has provided, and I was negligent when it came to praying for his long life – something I deeply regret, but not in a heavy guilt way.

My spiritual father also emanates himself in the form of Guru Sumati Buddha Heruka. He appears as Lama Tsongkhapa, who reveals the paths of Lamrim, Lojong and Vajrayana Mahamudra.  Lama Tsongkhapa resides at my heart and guides me through every day.  If only I can learn to surrender myself completely to him, he promises to work through me to ripen and liberate all those I love.  My spiritual father also emanates himself in the form of my Dharma protector, Dorje Shugden.  Dorje Shugden is my best friend.  Ever since the first day I started relying upon him, the conditions for my practice – both outer and inner – have gotten better and better.  This does not mean he has made my life comfortable, far from it!  He has pushed me to my limits, and sometimes beyond, but always in such a way that I am spiritually better off for having gone through the challenge.  Dorje Shugden’s wisdom blessings help me overcome my attachment, my anger and my ignorance.  I quite literally resolve 95% of my delusions simply by requesting Dorje Shugden arrange whatever is best for my spiritual development, and then trusting that he is doing so.  Geshe-la is my father.  Je Tsongkhapa is my father.  Dorje Shugden is my father.  My spiritual father also provides for me my Yidam.  A Yidam is the deity we try become ourselves, in my case Guru Father Heruka.  He provides me the ideal I strive to become like.

Father’s Day for me is also more than remembering the kindness of my spiritual father, but it is also appreciating the opportunity I have to be a father myself.  I have always been way too intellectual and have found it difficult to have heart-felt feelings.  Before I got married, I went to the Protector Gompa at Manjushri and asked for a sign whether I should get married or not.  I then had a very clear vision of a Buddha approach me and hand me a baby saying, “this is where you will find your heart.”  Being a father has taught me what it means to love another person, to be willing to do anything to help another person.  I use the love I feel for my children as my example of how I should feel towards everyone else.  Father’s Day is a celebration of that and an appreciation of the opportunity to be a father.  More often than not, fathers mistakenly believe Father’s Day is about their children showing (for once!) some appreciation for all that a father does, then when the gratitude doesn’t come they feel let down.  I think a Kadampa father should have exactly the opposite outlook.  Father’s Day is not about receiving gratitude, it is the day where we should try live up fully to be the father we want to become.  It is about us giving love, not receiving gratitude.

Many people are not yet fathers, or maybe they never will be in this life.  But just as everyone has been our father, so too we have been a father to everyone.  We can correctly view each and every living being as our child, and we should love them as a good father would.  The beating heart of bodhichitta is the mind of superior intention, which takes personal responsibility for the welfare of others.  That is what being a father is all about.  We need to adopt the mind that views all beings as our children, and assume personal responsibility for their welfare, both in this life and in all their future lives.  The father we seek to become like is our spiritual father.  What is a Buddha if not a father of all?  This, to me, is the real meaning of Father’s Day.

Modern Bodhisattva’s Way of Life: Developing Confidence in our Path

Kadampa Ryan 2. Modern Bodhisattva's Way of Life

Because they do not understand its profundity,
The Vaibhashika schools deny the Mahayana;
And because they do not believe in nirvana,
Some non-Buddhist schools deny the Hinayana.

Here Shantideva makes two general points. The first is our not understanding something is not a valid basis for saying that it is not a valid teaching. We probably do not hold onto the Hinayana objections to the Mahayana scriptures, but we do quite often reject instructions we do not understand. In fact we do this all the time, usually because we misunderstand what the instruction is saying but assume that the misunderstanding is what is being taught and therefore we reject the instruction based upon a misunderstanding. Or sometimes we give in to the laziness of discouragement where things are difficult and so we give up bothering to try, and in an effort to rationalize our giving up we say that we don’t need this anyways. Middle school students do this all the time with respect to pretty much every subject. They say I will never need this, therefore they don’t need to learn this. The truth is because the subject is hard and they don’t want to do the work, they come up with a rationalization as to why they shouldn’t bother doing so.

The second general point Shantideva makes is just because someone else disagrees with an instruction within our tradition does not mean we ourselves should doubt that instruction. Very often when we hear others disagreeing with parts of our tradition we then generate doubts about those specific instructions, but when other traditions seem to confirm or teach something similar to what is taught in our tradition we take greater confidence in it and think that therefore it is valid and reliable. This is quite common. But Shantideva is pointing out that that is not a valid basis for rejecting a Dharma instruction. If we only believe the instructions that everybody agreed with then those instructions probably would not be very helpful anyways because they would be reflective of deluded ways of thinking that dominate our modern society.

Buddha’s purpose in teaching both the Mahayana and the Hinayana
Was to lead living beings to permanent liberation from the cycle of suffering.
Focusing on this ultimate aim, practitioners of both the Mahayana and the Hinayana
Emphasize the three higher trainings of moral discipline, concentration, and wisdom.

(9.45) Buddha gave his teachings as medicine to cure the disease of the delusions, the cause of all suffering.
Some of his teachings are simple and others are very profound.
If you do not understand his higher, more profound teachings,
You should not simply conclude that they were not taught by Buddha.

(9.46) The great Master Kashyapa gathered many of Buddha’s teachings,
Principally the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras,
Buddha’s Mahayana teachings.
However, the Vaibhashika schools do not understand the profound meaning of the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras;
Thus, they conclude that these Sutras are not Buddha’s teachings.

Here, Shantideva makes the point that Buddha gave different instructions according to the different capacities of living beings. As we are reading through the different Dharma books or attending Dharma teachings, we might hear some instructions which seem completely beyond our capacity. What should we do when this happens? Geshe-la explains in How to Transform your Life that there is no fault in setting aside certain instructions for later when they do seem relevant. For example, for the longest time I did not engage in any completion stage meditations. Every time I heard the instructions or read the books, I thought well that’s interesting, but I didn’t actually ever do anything with the instructions. But now that I’ve started engaging in completion stage meditations, I am ble to go back and revisit things that I learned long ago and try learn how to actually put them into practice.

In the same way, when we encounter instructions that seem beyond our present capacity, we should not feel like we need to force ourselves to learn and understand those things or put them into practice right now. We should focus our efforts on those instructions which seem to us to be of the greatest benefit for where we are actually at in our spiritual development.

Being of Many Minds

Kadampa Ryan 4. Practicing in Daily Life, 5. Reliance upon Dorje Shugden

I’ve been giving some thought to how we have many minds, how we can be of many minds. We sometimes grasp at our mind as this singular entity that somehow remains constant observing everything. But in How to Understand the Mind, Geshe-la explains how we have countless different minds depending upon the combinations of mental factors we have. For example, towards somebody in my life, I can view them as my biggest trigger (anger) or my biggest attachment or as an emanation of Vajrayogini. So who is this person? Are they the trigger, the attachment, or the emanation? They are actually not one of them, not the three of them, nor the collection of the three of them. But if you took away each of them there would be nothing there remaining that is the other person. If we can see how there are many different minds we have towards the same ‘person,’ then we can see very clearly how all phenomena perceived by that mind are also empty. In this way, by realizing the emptiness of our mind directly, we indirectly realize the emptiness of all phenomena that will ever be perceived by our mind.

OK, so they are empty, but what do we nonetheless conventionally choose to follow – trigger, attachment, or emanation? Our delusions of anger and attachment make our mind uncontrolled. So if we don’t ‘choose’ emanation, then we are allowing our mind to remain under the influence of anger or attachment. But we have to apply effort to ‘choose’ emanation when our anger and attachment are pulling our mind so strongly in the direction of believing one of their distortions.

Gen-la Dekyong has been talking a lot in recent times about mistaken vs. unmistaken appearance. We all know what mistaken appearance is, but Venerable Geshe-la specifically uses the term ‘unmistaken appearance.’ Basically, this is our guru pointing to us and saying, “look, this is the unmistaken reality. Focus your mind on this and you will move into this reality.” Pure view – the four purities – is the only unmistaken appearance. To see anyone as anything other than pure is a mistaken appearance.

If we realize this, it will automatically cut ALL of our delusions in their tracks. All of our delusions and problems with other people come from viewing them with deluded minds, but if we see them as all the Buddhas emanated for us by our Spiritual Guide with whom we have an incredibly close karmic connection it would be absolutely impossible for us to generate any delusions towards them. This is the sort of faith we need. This is the view we need to choose to adopt. This is the unmistaken appearance our Spiritual Guide is pointing us to.

So what is the correct answer to the question of ‘who is this person?’ is they are an emanation of a Buddha sent by our spiritual guide. That’s who our family is. That is who our friends and work colleagues are. Basically because we have a mind of faith in our holy Spiritual Guide, that is true for basically everyone we meet in our life. They are all emanations of Buddhas sent by our spiritual guide.

So I think what I need to do to one day completely heal all the stuff that has been going on is to choose to adopt this view, to focus my mind on that reality. This is what is most beneficial for them because wherever I imagine Buddhas, Buddhas go; and wherever Buddhas go, they accomplish their function which is to bestow blessings. So maintaining this pure view is an act of compassion. But it is also beneficial for me because then instead of generating delusions towards them, I will generate all sorts of Dharma minds to work through whatever arises with them.

Sometimes what arises might be really hard, but why is that a problem? Are we not willing to endure a few hardships on our path to enlightenment? Sometimes working through our deeper stuff is hard, but it needs to be done, so we need to put on our Dharma armor and head into battle.

Typically, because we are lazy – or at least I am – if my life is going well, my burning need to practice Dharma quickly dissipates. But when I’m thrown into a crazy crisis or situation, then it kicks up all sorts of delusions in my mind, and I then have to use the Dharma to work through those delusions. Then, I really practice. So my experience is not so much I courageously head into battle against my delusions, but more a desperate struggle for survival, but I have been given the sharp swords of Kadampa wisdom, so I’m forced into battle because I’m surrounded and being attacked on all sides.

And this is why refuge is so important. We can’t just always be battling Rambo style all alone. There is absolutely nothing wrong with being fully united with all the Buddhas, all the Dharmas, and all the Sanghas. Sometimes we can even go within the ‘refuge’ of our community and just focus on our mind and our practice, and others do the battling for us.

That’s Dorje Shugden’s job!!! His vast assembled retinue is like our elite Dharma army with the perfect power to transform whatever samsara might throw at us into something that is absolutely perfect for our swiftest possible enlightenment. All we need to do is generate faith in him, request him to arrange everything so that it is perfect for our practice, and then accept whatever arises as the completely perfect conditions we need for our swiftest possible enlightenment. In other words, they are not just emanations of our spiritual guide, they are emanations of our spiritual guide in the aspect of Dorje Shugden’s vast assembled retinue.

Anyways, sorry, I got a little away from myself. I love Dorje Shugden so much he does that to me.

My point is we need to choose which mind we follow, and the only unmistaken choice is emanation. That’s true for everything.

A Pure Life: Do not Steal

Kadampa Ryan Precept Days

This is part six of a 12-part series on how to skillfully train in the Eight Mahayana Precepts.  The 15th of every month is Precepts Day, when Kadampa practitioners around the world typically take and observe the Precepts.

The object of stealing is anything that someone else regards as their own.  This includes other living beings.  If we take something that no one claims to possess, the action of stealing is not complete.  Like with killing, the intention must include a correct identification of the object of stealing, a determination to steal, and our mind must be influenced by delusion, usually desirous attachment, but sometimes out of hatred of wishing to harm our enemy.  It can also sometimes be out of ignorance thinking such stealing is justified such as not paying taxes or fines, or stealing from our employer, downloading pirated music or videos, etc.  Stealing also requires preparation.  It may be done secretly or openly, using methods such as bribery, blackmail, or emotional manipulation.  Finally, it must also include completion.  The action is complete when we think to ourself ‘this object is now mine.’

In modern life we have countless opportunities to steal and we often take advantage of most of them.  Common examples include not giving money back when we have been given too much change at the store, accidentally walking out with some good we didn’t purchase and not making an effort to go back and pay for it, stealing work supplies from work for our personal use, stealing our employers time by doing personal things on company time beyond what is conventionally acceptable in your work place (most work environments allow you a limited amount of personal administrative time.  The point is do not go beyond what is intended by your employer).  Another very common form of stealing is lying on our taxes so that we pay less arguing our government is wasteful.  We come up with all sorts of justifications for why this is OK, but it is still stealing. 

Stealing can also include saying certain clever things to cause something to come to us when it would otherwise normally go to somebody else.  One of the most common forms of stealing these days is downloading pirated music or videos, or copying and using software we didn’t pay for.  Again, our rationalizations for such behavior know no limits, but it is still stealing.  The test for whether we are stealing or not is very simple:  if we asked the other person would they say its legitimately ours?  If not, it was stealing.

Stealing is incredibly short-sighted.  Anybody who feels tempted to steal should take a few hours driving through a really poor neighborhood or they should go visit a very poor country or watch a documentary on global poverty.  You can find plenty of material just on YouTube.  When we see these things, we should remind ourselves that this is our future if we steal.  When we steal, we create the causes to have nothing in the future.  Giving is the cause of wealth, taking is the cause of poverty.  It is as simple as that.  Why are Bill Gates and Warren Buffet so rich?  Because they have the mental habits on their mind to give away everything.  Because they did this in the past, they became incredibly rich in this life.  Because they are again giving away all of their wealth, in future lives they will again be incredibly rich.  Just as they are external philanthropists, a Bodhisattva is an inner philanthropist.  We seek vast inner wealth so that we can have even more to give away.

There are also many subtle forms of stealing that occur due to the way we have structured our economy. As many of you know I am in economist by training. I very much believe in free markets as the least bad way of organizing an economy. However, the optimal effects of the market only occur when there is what is called perfect competition. When there is perfect competition, excess profits are competed away and both consumers and producers are as good off as they could possibly be on the aggregate. But when markets are not perfectly competitive, markets do not produce optimal results. For example, if a company has a monopoly on the sale of a certain good that everybody needs, it can charge extraordinarily high prices and people will be forced to pay. The company intentionally restricts production to drive the prices higher than would otherwise exist in a perfectly competitive market. As a result, they extract a surplus in profit not due to the quality of their product, but rather by virtue of their market power. Extracting this surplus profit is a form of stealing from the consumers and also from society as a whole because not as much of the good is produced as would otherwise be the case.  It is beyond the scope of this blog to outline them, but there are many examples of market power being used for selfish purposes. 

At a personal level, the point is we need to be aware of the situations in which we have some form of market power over others and to not take advantage of our more powerful position to extract greater profits then we are justifiably due. If we fail to do this, it is a form of stealing. Likewise, if we live in a society in which corporations have disproportionate power and enjoy political protection for their monopolistic behavior, if we vote for or lend political support for such policy knowing that it is a form of stealing, then we are also engaged in a subtle form of stealing. The point is this, we live in a society and we have a say in how that society is run. If we use our political power for selfish purposes or to support those who do so, then are these not karmic actions that have karmic effects? This is not mixing Dharma with politics; this is understanding that the actions we engage in have effects on those around us and we must take that into account when choosing our actions.  I would not say that all of this is a violation of our Mahayana precept to abandon stealing, but it is once again a directional question. Are our actions moving in the direction of stealing or are they moving in the direction of not stealing. That is the question.